Every Londoner knows the River Thames, London’s most iconic river but beneath its modern streets lies a hidden world of forgotten rivers, streams, and waterways. These forgotten watercourses, once the lifeblood of the city, have been buried, paved over, or redirected to accommodate the city’s growth and development. Here Londonopia delve into the history of some of London’s forgotten rivers and discover where traces of them can still be found today.
- The River Fleet: The River Fleet is perhaps one of London’s most famous forgotten rivers. Flowing through what is now the heart of the city, it once served as a crucial trade route and source of water. In medieval times, it was even navigable by small boats. However, as London expanded, the river became increasingly polluted and was eventually covered over. Today, the Fleet’s legacy can still be glimpsed in places like Fleet Street and the Holborn Viaduct, which were built over its course.
The River Tyburn: The River Tyburn flowed from Hampstead to join the Thames near today’s Buckingham Palace. It was a source of clean water for Londoners in the past, but like many other rivers, it was culverted and hidden as the city grew. The Tyburn can still be traced in parts of Hyde Park, and its underground path is followed by the Tyburn Conduit, a subterranean aqueduct that supplied water to the city.
The River Westbourne: The Westbourne River meandered through west London, from Hampstead to the Thames, and was known for its clear waters and picturesque surroundings. It was also the source of the Serpentine Lake in Hyde Park. Today, you can follow the course of the Westbourne through various clues such as street names like Westbourne Park and Westbourne Grove, which trace its path.
The River Neckinger: This lesser-known river flowed from Southwark to the Thames and played a role in the tanning and leather industry during the Middle Ages. The name “Neckinger” is believed to have derived from the phrase “necking the wash” or cleaning hides in the river. Although the Neckinger is mostly buried, you can still find remnants of it near Bermondsey.
The River Walbrook: The Walbrook River was once an essential water source for the Romans when they established Londinium. It flowed through the heart of the ancient city, and many important Roman relics have been found along its course. Although the river is mostly hidden beneath modern buildings, there are sections where it can be seen, such as in the basement of the Bloomberg building, which houses a fascinating archaeological display.
The River Effra: The River Effra flowed through South London, providing water and power to mills in the area. Much of its course has been built over, but the river’s presence can still be felt in Brixton, where Effra Road and Effra Parade pay homage to its history. Additionally, some parts of the Effra are visible in underground culverts.
The River Wandle: The River Wandle is one of the few forgotten rivers in London that has been partially restored. It flows through South London and was once a thriving industrial waterway, powering mills and factories. Today, efforts have been made to revive and beautify the river, and it’s a popular spot for walking and recreation in places like Morden Hall Park.
The River Ravensbourne: The Ravensbourne River flows through South East London, and while much of it is hidden, it emerges in places like Ladywell Fields and Brookmill Park. These areas provide a serene escape from the city and showcase the natural beauty of this forgotten watercourse.
The River Quaggy: Flowing through South East London, the River Quaggy is another hidden gem. It can be found in parts of Sutcliffe Park and Manor Park, in Lewisham, offering a glimpse of nature amid the urban landscape. The river’s name is thought to be derived from the Old English word “cwacu,” meaning “moving water.”
London’s forgotten rivers are a testament to the city’s ever-changing landscape. While many have been lost to urbanization, their echoes can still be heard and seen in the streets, parks, and neighborhoods that bear their names or follow their hidden paths. These rivers provide a fascinating glimpse into London’s history and offer opportunities for rediscovery, preservation, and renewal in the modern age.
In recent years, there has been a growing interest in uncovering and revitalizing these forgotten rivers. Projects like the “Lost Rivers of London” have aimed to raise awareness about these buried waterways and explore ways to bring them back to life, both as historical landmarks and as valuable green spaces in the city.
If you want to learn more there are guided walking tours you can take.