London is one of the most ethnically diverse cities in the world, where people from all corners of the globe come together, shaping the city’s dynamic culture and identity. This diversity is reflected in the city’s neighborhoods, food, festivals, languages, and daily life. As of the most recent census data and demographic surveys, London’s population is a mosaic of ethnic communities, each contributing to the city’s vibrant social and cultural landscape. Here’s an overview of the major ethnic groups in London, along with their approximate population percentages.
1. White British (36-37%)
The White British community remains the largest ethnic group in London, though their proportion has been gradually decreasing over the decades as immigration has reshaped the city. Historically, White British Londoners formed the majority of the population, with roots in Anglo-Saxon, Celtic, and other European cultures. However, today, this group makes up roughly 36-37% of the city’s total population. White British communities are concentrated in Outer London areas, but many have migrated elsewhere in the UK or abroad, contributing to the diverse ethnic makeup seen in the city today.
2. Black / African / Caribbean (13-15%)
London is home to a significant Black population, which is largely divided into two main groups: Black African and Black Caribbean. The Black African community, which includes people from countries such as Nigeria, Ghana, Somalia, and Kenya, makes up around 8-9% of London’s population. Meanwhile, the Black Caribbean community, with roots primarily in Jamaica, Barbados, and Trinidad and Tobago, represents around 4-5%. These communities are particularly concentrated in South London, especially in boroughs like Lambeth, Croydon, and Lewisham.
In total, Black, African, and Caribbean people make up about 13-15% of London’s population, and their influence is evident in the city’s music, food, art, and social fabric.
3. South Asian (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan, Nepali) (18-20%)
The South Asian community is one of the most significant ethnic groups in London, representing 18-20% of the city’s population. The Indian community is the largest subgroup, with people from regions like Gujarat, Punjab, and Maharashtra making up approximately 6-7% of the population. The Pakistani community, which makes up around 3-4%, is particularly prominent in boroughs like Brent and Newham, while Bangladeshi Londoners, most notably concentrated in Tower Hamlets, represent 2-3% of the population.
Additionally, smaller communities of Sri Lankans and Nepalis add to the diversity within this group. South Asian communities are highly visible in London’s cultural and economic life, contributing to sectors like retail, hospitality, and the arts.
4. Middle Eastern and North African (MENA) (4-5%)
London has a growing population from the Middle East and North Africa (MENA), including people from countries like Iran, Iraq, Turkey, Egypt, and Morocco. This group represents approximately 4-5% of the city’s population. The influx of refugees and migrants due to political instability in the MENA region has contributed to this growth in recent years. While the community is smaller compared to other groups, its influence is becoming more prominent, particularly in areas like Bayswater and parts of West London, where Iranian and Kurdish populations are visible.
5. Eastern European (5-6%)
Since the enlargement of the European Union in 2004, London has seen a significant influx of migrants from Eastern European countries. Poles, Romanians, and Bulgarians are among the largest groups within this category, contributing around 5-6% to the city’s population. Many Eastern Europeans live in areas such as Haringey, Ealing, and Harrow. They are often employed in industries such as construction, hospitality, and cleaning but increasingly play a vital role in London’s economy and culture.
6. Chinese and Other East Asian (2-3%)
London has a long-established Chinese community, which makes up around 2-3% of the city’s population. The Chinese diaspora includes people from mainland China, Hong Kong, Taiwan, and increasingly, Vietnam and Korea. Areas like Chinatown in Westminster, Camden, and parts of East London have large Chinese populations. Despite being a smaller group compared to others, the Chinese and East Asian communities have contributed greatly to London’s food culture, particularly through their restaurants and shops.
7. Latino / Hispanic (1-2%)
London has seen an increase in the number of Latin American immigrants, particularly from Brazil, Colombia, and Venezuela. Although still a relatively small group, Latino and Hispanic communities now make up around 1-2% of the population. Areas like Golders Green and parts of Southwark and Hackney have seen growing Latino populations in recent years. The community has made a mark on London’s food scene and cultural events, with festivals and restaurants celebrating Latin American heritage.
8. Jewish Community (1-2%)
London has a long-standing and diverse Jewish community, which forms about 1-2% of the city’s population. The Jewish population in London includes both Ashkenazi (Eastern European) and Sephardi (Middle Eastern and Mediterranean) Jews. Communities can be found in areas like Stamford Hill, Hendon, and Golders Green, with some of the largest Orthodox Jewish communities in the UK. London’s Jewish heritage is reflected in its schools, synagogues, and cultural institutions.
9. Romani and Traveller Communities (<1%)
The Romani and Irish Traveller communities have lived in London for centuries, though they remain a relatively small and often marginalized group, making up less than 1% of the population. While often difficult to quantify due to underreporting in official data, these communities can be found in certain areas of East and North London. Despite their smaller numbers, they have a unique cultural presence and history within the city.
10. Other Minority Groups (5-6%)
London is also home to a variety of smaller ethnic communities, which together represent around 5-6% of the population. These groups include people from Sub-Saharan Africa, the Pacific Islands, and various other regions across the globe. While each group is smaller individually, they all contribute to London’s identity as a global metropolis.
London is a City of Diversity
The ethnic communities in London are a testament to the city’s rich multiculturalism. With no single majority group, the city is a place where cultures, traditions, and languages from all over the world come together to create a unique urban experience. The city’s demographic landscape is constantly evolving, driven by migration patterns, economic opportunities, and global events. London’s diversity is not just a statistic—it’s a defining characteristic that shapes the city’s neighbourhoods, economy, and culture. Whether in food, fashion, art, or everyday interactions, the mix of ethnic groups creates a dynamic environment, making London one of the most multicultural cities on the planet.
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